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目的掌握晋安区麻疹流行状况,探讨控制与消除对策。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对1950—2013年麻疹发病资料进行流行病学分析。结果晋安区自然感染期(1950—1965年)麻疹年均发病率1 340.71/10万,每隔2~3年出现1个发病高峰;使用疫苗后年均发病率(38.07/10万)下降了97.2%。与自然感染期比较,疫苗推广初期(1966—1977)、计划免疫初期(1978—1987)、免疫规划期(1988—1997)、加强控制期(1998—2008)和消除阶段(2009—2013)发病率分别下降了92.9%、97.6%、99.4%、99.1%和99.9%,消除阶段年发病率0.74/10万。2001—2013年流动人口麻疹年均发病率(13.83/10万)是本地人口(2.54/10万)的5.44倍,病例中有免疫史比例本地人口(42.6%)比流动人口(15.2%)高。结论泉州市麻疹控制成效显著。目前的重点是加强流动人口管理,消除免疫空白;适时开展强化免疫和入学入托查漏补种,减少麻疹易感人群,保持高水平的免疫接种率。
Objective To grasp the epidemic situation of measles in Jinan district and to discuss the control and elimination measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of measles from 1950 to 2013. Results The annual average incidence of measles in natural infection period (1950-1965) was 1 340.71 / 100 000 in Jin’an District, with an incidence peak every 2 to 3 years. The annual average incidence of measles vaccine decreased (38.07 / 100 000) 97.2%. Compared with the natural infection period, the early stage of vaccine promotion (1966-1977), the early immunization schedule (1978-1987), the immunization planning period (1988-1997), the intensive control period (1998-2008) and the elimination stage (2009-2013) Rates decreased by 92.9%, 97.6%, 99.4%, 99.1% and 99.9% respectively, and the annual incidence of elimination stage was 0.74 / 100000. The average annual incidence of measles in migrant population in 2001-2013 (13.83 / 100,000) was 5.44 times that of the local population (2.54 / 100,000). The proportion of local population with immunization history (42.6%) was higher than that of floating population (15.2%) . Conclusion Measles control in Quanzhou achieved remarkable results. The current focus is to strengthen the management of floating population to eliminate the immune blanket; timely implementation of intensive immunization and enrollment leak detection replanting, measles measles-susceptible populations to reduce and maintain a high level of immunization rates.