在过去很长一段时期内,中国处于一个短缺经济年月。许多商品要凭票供应。例如买粮食要用粮票,买油要用油票,买布要用布票,买煤球要用煤球卡……。对于今天那些从未经历过生活艰辛的天真孩子来说,这些票证恐怕已经像出土文物一般稀罕了。其实商品的短缺并不是当时中国所特有的。在过去实行计划经济的国家中,短缺是一种普遍现象。匈牙利经济学家科尔奈在八十年代写了一本关于短缺经济 For a long time in the past, China was in a shortage of economy. Many goods are supplied by ticket. For example, to buy food to use food stamps, buy oil to use oil votes, buy cloth to use cloth tickets, buy briquettes to use briquettes card ....... For today’s naive children who have never experienced life’s hardships, these tickets probably have become as rare as unearthed artifacts. In fact, the shortage of goods was not unique to China at the time. In countries that used the planned economy in the past, shortages were a common phenomenon. Kornai, a Hungarian economist, wrote a book about the shortage of economy in the 1980s