物质上的满足与精神上的需求同样至关重要。英国古典政治经济学家亚当·斯密(Adam Smith)认为人是“经济人”。在他的经济人观点中认为人们在经济行为中,追求的完全是私人利益。企业要想刺激员工为它工作,一定要让他得到经济利益。科学管理学派也认为金钱是刺激人们工作积极性的唯一动力,把人看作是“经济人”。而到了20世纪20年代,澳大利亚学者梅奥在其著作《工业文明 Material satisfaction and spiritual needs are equally crucial. Adam Smith, the British classical political economist, considers people “economic man.” In his point of view of the economists, people think that the pursuit of economic activity is entirely private interests. Enterprises want to stimulate staff to work for it, we must let him get financial benefits. Science management school also believes that money is the only motivation to stimulate people’s work enthusiasm, people as “economic man.” By the 1920s, Australian scholar Mayo was in his book "Industrial Civilization