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本文立足于中国转型期的现实,梳理了20世纪60-90年代西方理论界出现的工人阶级形成理论,目的在于通过反思西方理论界对19世纪工人阶级形成的阐释,使我们更好地把握当前中国工人阶级的转型。本文开篇就解释了工业化、无产化与工人阶级形成理论之间的关系,以及工人阶级形成理论是怎样从传统马克思主义中提出问题的。然后,结合评论,详细介绍了代表性人物汤普森、霍布斯鲍姆以及埃拉·卡兹尼尔森与阿里斯蒂德·泽尔博格的理论,梳理了他们在理论脉络上存在的逻辑关系,以及这些理论的贡献、缺陷和所产生的影响。
Based on the reality of China’s transitional period, this article combs the formation of the working class theory in the western theoretical circles in the 1960s and 1990s with the purpose of reflecting the formation of the working class in the 19th century through the reflection of Western theoretical circles, so that we can better grasp the current Transformation of the working class in China. This article begins with an explanation of the relationship between industrialization, proletariatization and the formation of the working class theory and how the formation theory of the working class raises questions from traditional Marxism. Then, combined with the comments, the author introduces in detail the theories of the representative figures Thompson, Hobsbäum, and Ella Kazn Nielson and Aristide Zellberg, combs their logical relationship existing in the theoretical context, As well as the contribution, defects and impact of these theories.