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2008年金融危机以来,由于租金下跌,定期租船市场中承租人提前还船的情况显著增加,并且承租人在提前还船时都会引用不可抗力(合同受阻、情势变更等)条款来对抗出租人的索赔主张。但是,合同落空制度并不是在上述情况下都能够得到适用;同样,中国法下也存在着不可抗力、情势变更和商业风险的区分,我们很难说经济危机所带来市场起落不是商业风险。在金融危机的背景下,租船合同当事人一方想要援用不可抗力(情势变更、合同落空等)事由来免责或是对抗相对人的话是要承担很大风险的。
Since the financial crisis of 2008, due to the decrease of rents, the situation of the charterers in the regular chartering market getting back ahead of schedule has increased remarkably, and the charterers will apply the terms of force majeure (contract obstruction, change of circumstances, etc.) against the lessor’s Claims claim. However, the failure of the contract can not be applied under the above circumstances. Similarly, there is also a distinction between force majeure, change of circumstances and commercial risk under Chinese law. It is hard to say that market fluctuations caused by the economic crisis are not commercial risks. In the context of the financial crisis, a party to a charter party is under a great risk if he or she wishes to avail himself of a cause of force majeure (change of circumstances, loss of contract, etc.) or opposes the other person.