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巩固性原则,是一项重要的教学原则。复习则是达到知识巩固的重要途径之一。十九世纪俄国教育家乌申斯基称复习是“学习之母”,强调复习对于巩固所学知识的重要作用。但是,我们常常看到两种截然不同的复习:一种是简单地再现教材,形式地压缩内容,死记硬背文字符号。这种消极的复习,不但难以巩固知识,而且可能扑灭思维的火花。另一种复习,是帮助学生掌握教材的知识体系,以巩固记忆,加深理解,发展思维能力。这种积极的复习是可取的。
The principle of consolidation is an important teaching principle. Review is one of the important ways to achieve knowledge consolidation. The 19th-century Russian educator Usinski described the review as “the mother of learning” and emphasized the important role of review in consolidating the learned knowledge. However, we often see two very different kinds of review: one is to simply reproduce the textbook, formally compress the content, and memorize textual symbols. This kind of negative review is not only difficult to consolidate knowledge, but it may also extinguish the spark of thinking. Another kind of review is to help students master the knowledge system of textbooks in order to consolidate memory, deepen understanding and develop thinking skills. This kind of positive review is advisable.