1.前言在固体材料的发展和生产中,材料的力学性能试验是非常重要的。目前,许多试验方法已经得到完善,其中最超遍的一种试验是拉伸试验,就是试件受拉伸力产生变形,并测得该力与变形。这种试验只向我们提供了材料的“宏观”力学性能,但对于更深入地研究,我们还要了解材料的微观行为。电子扫描显微镜(SEM)是达到这个目的最有力的工具。SEM 1. Introduction In the development and production of solid materials, the mechanical properties of the material test is very important. At present, many test methods have been perfected. One of the most common tests is tensile test, in which the specimen is deformed by tensile force and the force and deformation are measured. This test only gives us the “macroscopic” mechanical properties of the material, but for a more in-depth study, we also need to understand the microscopic behavior of the material. Electron scanning microscopy (SEM) is the most powerful tool for this purpose. SEM