论文部分内容阅读
■
熟悉各种体裁的不同范式和根据设空位置确定解题策略,学会融会贯通,遇到不同语篇便迎刃而解了。
一、熟悉各种体裁文章的结构图
高考中主要的文章体裁:说明文、议论文和包括夹叙夹议的记叙文的结构图。
以2018年全国I卷七选五为例。
首先,浏览全文可以看出这是一篇说明文。首句是全文主题句,引领全文,主要介绍了在房间装饰设计中颜色的重要性。
接着快速略读每段第一句,中间几段详细说明了小、中、大三种规格的装饰颜色的不同作用。
第一段Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room ...
第二段But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones ...
第三段 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms ...
第三段Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ...
第四段The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.
大脑里画出结构图:
根据结构图,答案一目了然。所以38题选D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with。
二、根據设空位置确定解题策略
高考设空位置以段中句为主,段首和段尾一般各一句。首句常是段落的主题句;尾句通常是总结句;而段中是起承上启下的过渡句。根据试题所在的位置采取不同的解题策略。
1. 设空在段首
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据上文提到的体裁结构图法或段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。如:
(2018年全国?芋卷) 38 “I can tell you about one young couple,”says Bridges. “They’re learning to traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”
A. So why do we dance?
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
第38空在段首,应为主旨句。“一对年轻的夫妻的故事。他们来学习跳舞之初,情绪低落,但是在他们离开的时候却面带微笑。”这说明跳舞可以调节人的情绪,这正是其魅力所在。故选A项。
第39题在段尾,应是结论句。根据该段内容,应选F项。
2. 设空在段尾
通常是结论或概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论或总结等的信号词,如so, therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等,选项中也可发现前文的同义词。如:
(2018年全国I卷)The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
这里是考查全文最后一段的最后一句,显然这是总结句,so是一个明显的信号词。所以选F项。
3. 设空在段中
段中句要求考生找出与前后句衔接的选项。解题时,将选项代入原文,如果前后内容连贯,符合逻辑,就能得出正确答案。主要解题技巧有逻辑衔接和词汇衔接。
(1)逻辑衔接。指前后的逻辑关系,如因果关系、转折或对比关系等。如:
(2018年全国I卷)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. A. While all of them are useful
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
空格前后是轉折关系,“虽然它们(这些技巧)都有用处,但是它们有点复杂。”其中they指代前句的different techniques。故选A项。
(2)词汇衔接。
①词汇复现。这是保证语篇前后衔接的一种写作手段,即在上下文不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系主要指原词复现、同义词、近义词复现、反义词复现和派生词复现等。如:
(2018年全国II卷)...Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day...
Your metabolism gets a head start.
39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
根据体裁结构图法,这是总—分—总的说明文,各分段都以“your”开头,按原词复现法便知选B项。
②代词的指代。为避免重复,用代词替代前文已出现的事物。看到空格前后和选项中有代词应当重视,看看是指上文的哪个词或什么内容。分析上下句,理清指代关系,并且要注意代词的数、格与前面的指代事物相呼应。如:
(2018年全国I卷) 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces.
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.
根据后文中的代词they,前文出现的事物应选复数,下一句提到“中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面:一是花费,二是对空间感觉的影响”。they与选项G中的two major ways相呼应。所以选G项。
平时阅读过程中,考生要培养良好的体裁语篇意识,采用体裁结构分析模式进行阅读,能敏捷地识别语篇的篇章结构,从而提高阅读水平和阅读能力。这种能力还能运用到阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错和写作等各题型中。掌握以上方法技巧,考生需要进行强化训练才能熟能生巧,在高考中做到有的放矢。
责任编辑 蒋小青
熟悉各种体裁的不同范式和根据设空位置确定解题策略,学会融会贯通,遇到不同语篇便迎刃而解了。
一、熟悉各种体裁文章的结构图
高考中主要的文章体裁:说明文、议论文和包括夹叙夹议的记叙文的结构图。
以2018年全国I卷七选五为例。
首先,浏览全文可以看出这是一篇说明文。首句是全文主题句,引领全文,主要介绍了在房间装饰设计中颜色的重要性。
接着快速略读每段第一句,中间几段详细说明了小、中、大三种规格的装饰颜色的不同作用。
第一段Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room ...
第二段But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones ...
第三段 38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms ...
第三段Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ...
第四段The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors.
大脑里画出结构图:
根据结构图,答案一目了然。所以38题选D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with。
二、根據设空位置确定解题策略
高考设空位置以段中句为主,段首和段尾一般各一句。首句常是段落的主题句;尾句通常是总结句;而段中是起承上启下的过渡句。根据试题所在的位置采取不同的解题策略。
1. 设空在段首
通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容,根据上文提到的体裁结构图法或段落一致性原则,查找同义词或其他相关的词,推断出主题句。如:
(2018年全国?芋卷) 38 “I can tell you about one young couple,”says Bridges. “They’re learning to traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”
A. So why do we dance?
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
第38空在段首,应为主旨句。“一对年轻的夫妻的故事。他们来学习跳舞之初,情绪低落,但是在他们离开的时候却面带微笑。”这说明跳舞可以调节人的情绪,这正是其魅力所在。故选A项。
第39题在段尾,应是结论句。根据该段内容,应选F项。
2. 设空在段尾
通常是结论或概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论或总结等的信号词,如so, therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等,选项中也可发现前文的同义词。如:
(2018年全国I卷)The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
这里是考查全文最后一段的最后一句,显然这是总结句,so是一个明显的信号词。所以选F项。
3. 设空在段中
段中句要求考生找出与前后句衔接的选项。解题时,将选项代入原文,如果前后内容连贯,符合逻辑,就能得出正确答案。主要解题技巧有逻辑衔接和词汇衔接。
(1)逻辑衔接。指前后的逻辑关系,如因果关系、转折或对比关系等。如:
(2018年全国I卷)Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. A. While all of them are useful
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
空格前后是轉折关系,“虽然它们(这些技巧)都有用处,但是它们有点复杂。”其中they指代前句的different techniques。故选A项。
(2)词汇衔接。
①词汇复现。这是保证语篇前后衔接的一种写作手段,即在上下文不同位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系主要指原词复现、同义词、近义词复现、反义词复现和派生词复现等。如:
(2018年全国II卷)...Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day...
Your metabolism gets a head start.
39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
根据体裁结构图法,这是总—分—总的说明文,各分段都以“your”开头,按原词复现法便知选B项。
②代词的指代。为避免重复,用代词替代前文已出现的事物。看到空格前后和选项中有代词应当重视,看看是指上文的哪个词或什么内容。分析上下句,理清指代关系,并且要注意代词的数、格与前面的指代事物相呼应。如:
(2018年全国I卷) 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces.
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways.
根据后文中的代词they,前文出现的事物应选复数,下一句提到“中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面:一是花费,二是对空间感觉的影响”。they与选项G中的two major ways相呼应。所以选G项。
平时阅读过程中,考生要培养良好的体裁语篇意识,采用体裁结构分析模式进行阅读,能敏捷地识别语篇的篇章结构,从而提高阅读水平和阅读能力。这种能力还能运用到阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空、短文改错和写作等各题型中。掌握以上方法技巧,考生需要进行强化训练才能熟能生巧,在高考中做到有的放矢。
责任编辑 蒋小青