HIE 和颅内出血(ICH)是新生儿期最常见的二种颅内病变,常引起新生儿死亡和其后神经系统的发育障碍。二种病变主要与围产期窒息有关。虽然病变不同,但关系密切,互为因果,常常并存,临床较易混淆,但若仔细从发病机理、临床表现及影像诊断等诸方面进行剖析,可发现各有其特点和规律可循。倘能及时区分这二种病变,对于及时施以相应的治疗措施以及正确判断预后都将是极其重要的。 HIE and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are the two most common intracranial lesions in the neonatal period, often leading to neonatal death and subsequent developmental disorders of the nervous system. Two kinds of lesions are mainly related to perinatal asphyxia. Although different lesions, but closely related to each other causal, often coexist, clinical confusion, but if carefully analyzed from the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and imaging diagnosis and other aspects, we can find each have their own characteristics and laws to follow. If we can distinguish between these two kinds of lesions in time, it will be extremely important for the timely implementation of appropriate treatment measures and the correct prognosis.