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微卫星ＤＮＡ是近年发展起来的一种新的ＤＮＡ标记系统，其串联重复序列数目的改变构成了丰富的群体多态体，近年的研究进展表明，癌的发生需要若干抑癌基因的纯合缺失和癌基因的激活。如果在肿瘤标本等一染色体位点检出频发的杂合性缺失，则可能在此位点存在抑癌基因。目前采用微卫星不稳定性（ＭＩ）和杂合性缺失（ＬＯＨ）作为膀胱癌早期诊断的一种方法，其阳性率较细胞学检查有明显的提高，且具有无创、早期、快速、节约费用等优越性，为早期筛查、治疗、随诊提供了新的方法。
Microsatellite DNA is a new DNA marker system developed in recent years. The change of the number of tandem repeats constitutes a rich group of polymorphisms. Recent advances have shown that the occurrence of cancer requires the homozygous deletion of several tumor suppressor genes And oncogene activation. If a heterozygous deletion is detected frequently at a chromosomal site such as a tumor specimen, it may be possible to have a tumor suppressor gene at this site. At present, using microsatellite instability (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) as a method of early diagnosis of bladder cancer, the positive rate is obviously higher than that of cytology and has the advantages of noninvasive, early, rapid and cost saving And other advantages for the early screening, treatment, follow-up provides a new way.