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社会救助作为一项现代性的制度安排,是我国当前社会建设和社会管理的重要内容。社会救助制度本身经历了从传统到现代的转型,其基本伦理道德精神经历了从仁爱到正义的变化,社会救助伦理关系也整体上经历了从慈善伦理关系到权利伦理关系的根本转型,这种转型必然意味着伦理生态重新建构。正义制度(社会救助制度)与社会慈善事业的伦理生态是社会救助伦理精神在现代社会整体伦理生态中的实践合理性的表达。在个体德性和德行层面,应该构建制度正义与个体正义以及个体正义与个体慈善两种伦理生态。
As a modern institutional arrangement, social assistance is an important part of China’s current social construction and social management. The system of social assistance itself has undergone a transformation from tradition to modernity. Its basic ethics and morality have undergone a change from benevolence to justice. The social assistance social ethics has also undergone a fundamental transformation from charity ethics to rights ethics as a whole. Transformation must mean that the ethics of ecological reconstruction. The ethical ecology of the system of justice (social assistance system) and social philanthropy is the expression of the practical rationality of the spirit of social assistance in the overall ethics of modern society. In the aspect of individual virtue and virtue, institutional ethics and individual justice should be constructed, and ethics of individual justice and individual charity should be constructed.