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目的探讨支气管舒张试验在婴幼儿支气管哮喘(哮喘)中的应用价值。方法对3岁以下哮喘患儿220例(哮喘组)进行潮气呼吸肺功能支气管舒张试验,以同期住院3岁以下支气管肺炎患儿123例为对照(肺炎组),比较2组患儿基础肺功能的差异、舒张前后肺功能改变及不同年龄组舒张阳性率的差异。结果 1.基础肺功能比较:哮喘组达峰时间比(TPTEF/TE)、达峰容积比(VPEF/VE)及吸呼比(Ti/Te)均显著低于肺炎组,而每千克体质量潮气量(VT/kg)则显著高于肺炎组(Pa<0.05)。2.舒张前后肺功能比较:哮喘组吸药后呼吸频率减慢,吸气时间(Ti)及Ti/Te均增加;肺炎组吸药后TPTEF/TE降低更明显,VT/kg、Ti、Ti/Te均显著增加(Pa<0.05)。3.哮喘不同年龄组阳性率间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肺炎不同年龄组阳性率间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 1.潮气呼吸肺功能可间接反映婴幼儿哮喘、支气管肺炎的病理生理特征,协助临床诊断。2.TPTEF/TE、VPEF/VE可反映呼吸道阻塞情况,VT/kg可为婴幼儿哮喘和肺炎的鉴别诊断提供参考。3.潮气呼吸支气管舒张试验对2岁以上哮喘患儿有一定参考价值,但对2岁以下者无应用价值。
Objective To investigate the value of bronchial diastolic test in bronchial asthma (asthma) in infants and young children. Methods Totally 220 children with asthma under 3 years old (asthma group) were subjected to tidal respiratory bronchial dilation test. 123 children with bronchopneumonia under 3 years of age under hospitalization were selected as the control group (pneumonia group). The basic pulmonary function The differences of pulmonary function before and after diastole and diastolic positive rate of different age groups. Results 1. Basic lung function comparison: The peak time ratio (TPTEF / TE), peak volume ratio (VPEF / VE) and respiratory ratio (Ti / Te) in asthma group were significantly lower than those in pneumonia group, Tidal volume (VT / kg) was significantly higher than pneumonia group (Pa <0.05). Pulmonary function before and after diastole: The respiratory rate of inhaled asthma group was slowed down, inspiratory time (Ti) and Ti / Te were increased; TPTEF / TE decreased significantly after inhaling pneumonia group, VT / kg, Ti, Ti / Te were significantly increased (Pa <0.05). There were significant differences in the positive rates of asthma among different age groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the positive rates of pneumonia in different age groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion 1. Tidal breathing pulmonary function can indirectly reflect the infant’s asthma, bronchial pneumonia pathophysiological characteristics, to help clinical diagnosis. 2.TPTEF / TE, VPEF / VE can reflect the situation of respiratory obstruction, VT / kg can provide a reference for the differential diagnosis of infant asthma and pneumonia. 3. Tidal breathing bronchial diastolic test for children over the age of 2 with asthma have a certain reference value, but no effect on the age of 2 years.