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本文是关于中国村落中村民自治组织“新农村建设理事会”运行现状的人类学个案研究,试图以闽南赤石村新农村建设理事会为例,勾勒出当今中国农村公共空间运作的一种具体表达形式,且其运作过程是与村委会行政关系、村落里的宗族力量等交织在一起的。作为一种社会建设的组织形态,闽南赤石村理事会出现的原因是新农村建设运动中,政府号召、村民要求村落面貌改变的愿望、村委会小组长制度的式微、宗族力量和其他利益形式妥协的结果。赤石村理事会运行的规则遵循的是宗族文化中“房支利益均等化”原则,是一种宗族文化的创造性转化,而非行政式的正式组织形式。赤石村理事会的实践证明,在处理村落公共事务方面,村落理事会的村落自治模式较村民小组长式的管理方式更为有效,其或可成为中国村落社会建设模式的有效借鉴例子。
This article is a case study of anthropology about the status quo of the operation of the village self-governing organizations and the “New Countryside Construction Council” in China. The paper attempts to outline the current situation of the public space in rural China today Concrete forms of expression, and its operation process is intertwined with the administrative relations of the village committee, the clan power in the village and so on. As a form of social construction, the reason for the appearance of the board of Shih-shih village in southern Fujian is the desire of the government to call for changes in the village appearance, the modesty of the village committee leader, the clan power and other forms of interest in the new rural construction movement The result of compromise. The rules governing the operation of the Akashimizu Council follow the principle of “equalization of housing benefits” in the clan culture, which is a creative transformation of the clan culture rather than an administrative formal organization. The practice of the Chishui Village Council has proved that the village council’s mode of village autonomy is more effective than the villager’s group leader in handling public affairs in the village and may be an effective reference example for the village social construction in China.