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在学生的练习中,由于受汉语的影响,我们常常会看到一些表达不地道､不完整的句子,这些句子或“掐头”或“去尾”,虽勉强能表达汉语意思,却不符合英语的表达习惯｡现归纳如下:
一､ 掐头
“掐头”的句子主要是指句首省了某个语,如连词､介词､不定式符号to､助动词do､does等｡
1. 掐that｡例如:
① 他很诚实,这一点大家都知道｡
错: He is honest is known to us all.
对: That he is honest is known to us all.
②他们没来参加会议使我们失望｡
错: They didn’t attend the meeting disappointed us.
对: That they didn’t attend the meeting disappointed us.
分析: 这两句都是从句作主语,连词that引导主语从句｡尽管在从句中没有充当任何成份,也没有具体的含义,但必不可少,这是句子结构的需要｡
2. 掐in， on， at等介词｡例如:
① 教室里坐着一个女同学,正在做作业｡
错: The classroom sat a girl， doing her homework.
对； In the classroom sat a girl， doing her homework.
② 桌子上放着一个杯子｡
错: The table stood a glass.
对； On the table stood a glass.
分析: 这两句都是倒装句,主语并非the classroom和the table,而是a girl和a glass｡在句首分别加上in和on,构成介词短语｡
3. 掐不定式符号to｡例如:
English is important.
A. LearnB. To learn
C. LearnedD. Learns
分析: 这一题容易错选A,答案应为B,因为带to的不定式才能作主语,动词原形不能作主语｡
4. 掐助动词do， does， did等｡例如:
① 你认识玛丽吗?
错: You know Mary？
对: Do you know Mary？
② 他们昨天迟到了吗?
错: They came late yesterday？
对: Did they come late yesterday？
③ 他来自法国吗?
错: He comes from France？
对: Does he come from France？
分析: 这三句都是一般疑问句,应根据时态和人称分别改为:①②③(下面的句子)
二､ 去尾
“去尾”,顾名思义,是指句末本该保留的词没有保留,本该加上的词没有加上｡主要有以下几种情况:
1. 无宾语｡本来是及物动词或及物动词短语,后应加上宾语,但却没有宾语｡
This is an English dictionary. I like it.
He is seriously ill. We must look after him.
The meeting is important. I suggest you attend it.
（注:横线上的词应该加上,不能去掉｡）
2. 被动语态的句子中,短语动词中的介词易被漏掉｡如:
① The old in our country are well taken care.
② The patient has already been operated.
③ The problem has been dealt.
④ The babies are carefully looked.
（注:这四个句子的末尾应分别加上① of ②on ③ with ④ after）
3. 作后置定语的从句､分词短语､不定式短语中的介词易被忽略｡如下列句末横线上的介词不能去掉:
① She is the person I often think of.
② How do you like the film being
talked about by them？
③ There are five computers to choose from.
4. 在句型“主语+ be + adj. + 不定式”以及“主语+ be + worth + V－ving”中,若不定式中的动词或worth之后的动词是不及物动词,则其后应加上适当的介词｡如下列句子中句末的介词不能去掉:
① This picture is pleasant to look at.
② This problem is difficult to deal with.
③ The top of the mountain is not easy to get to.
④ It’s hardly worth troubling about.
⑤ This music is well worth listening to.
5. 在简略回答中,小品词to易被遗忘｡如下列句子横线上的to不能去掉:
① “Will you go fishing with me？”“Certainly. I’ll be glad to.”
② “Would you like to stay with us？” “Yes， I’d like to.”
③ I don’t want to do that， but I have to.
④ The boy wanted to watch TV， but his mother asked him not to.
⑤ I don’t dance much now， but I used to a lot.
通过以上例句可以看出,无论是 “掐头”,还是“去尾”,都不符合英语的表达习惯｡所以我们在平时的英语学习中,一定要多读多看,多练多思,多积累多摹仿,多分析总结,练就过硬的基本功,写出规范的句子来｡
一､ 掐头
“掐头”的句子主要是指句首省了某个语,如连词､介词､不定式符号to､助动词do､does等｡
1. 掐that｡例如:
① 他很诚实,这一点大家都知道｡
错: He is honest is known to us all.
对: That he is honest is known to us all.
②他们没来参加会议使我们失望｡
错: They didn’t attend the meeting disappointed us.
对: That they didn’t attend the meeting disappointed us.
分析: 这两句都是从句作主语,连词that引导主语从句｡尽管在从句中没有充当任何成份,也没有具体的含义,但必不可少,这是句子结构的需要｡
2. 掐in， on， at等介词｡例如:
① 教室里坐着一个女同学,正在做作业｡
错: The classroom sat a girl， doing her homework.
对； In the classroom sat a girl， doing her homework.
② 桌子上放着一个杯子｡
错: The table stood a glass.
对； On the table stood a glass.
分析: 这两句都是倒装句,主语并非the classroom和the table,而是a girl和a glass｡在句首分别加上in和on,构成介词短语｡
3. 掐不定式符号to｡例如:
English is important.
A. LearnB. To learn
C. LearnedD. Learns
分析: 这一题容易错选A,答案应为B,因为带to的不定式才能作主语,动词原形不能作主语｡
4. 掐助动词do， does， did等｡例如:
① 你认识玛丽吗?
错: You know Mary？
对: Do you know Mary？
② 他们昨天迟到了吗?
错: They came late yesterday？
对: Did they come late yesterday？
③ 他来自法国吗?
错: He comes from France？
对: Does he come from France？
分析: 这三句都是一般疑问句,应根据时态和人称分别改为:①②③(下面的句子)
二､ 去尾
“去尾”,顾名思义,是指句末本该保留的词没有保留,本该加上的词没有加上｡主要有以下几种情况:
1. 无宾语｡本来是及物动词或及物动词短语,后应加上宾语,但却没有宾语｡
This is an English dictionary. I like it.
He is seriously ill. We must look after him.
The meeting is important. I suggest you attend it.
（注:横线上的词应该加上,不能去掉｡）
2. 被动语态的句子中,短语动词中的介词易被漏掉｡如:
① The old in our country are well taken care.
② The patient has already been operated.
③ The problem has been dealt.
④ The babies are carefully looked.
（注:这四个句子的末尾应分别加上① of ②on ③ with ④ after）
3. 作后置定语的从句､分词短语､不定式短语中的介词易被忽略｡如下列句末横线上的介词不能去掉:
① She is the person I often think of.
② How do you like the film being
talked about by them？
③ There are five computers to choose from.
4. 在句型“主语+ be + adj. + 不定式”以及“主语+ be + worth + V－ving”中,若不定式中的动词或worth之后的动词是不及物动词,则其后应加上适当的介词｡如下列句子中句末的介词不能去掉:
① This picture is pleasant to look at.
② This problem is difficult to deal with.
③ The top of the mountain is not easy to get to.
④ It’s hardly worth troubling about.
⑤ This music is well worth listening to.
5. 在简略回答中,小品词to易被遗忘｡如下列句子横线上的to不能去掉:
① “Will you go fishing with me？”“Certainly. I’ll be glad to.”
② “Would you like to stay with us？” “Yes， I’d like to.”
③ I don’t want to do that， but I have to.
④ The boy wanted to watch TV， but his mother asked him not to.
⑤ I don’t dance much now， but I used to a lot.
通过以上例句可以看出,无论是 “掐头”,还是“去尾”,都不符合英语的表达习惯｡所以我们在平时的英语学习中,一定要多读多看,多练多思,多积累多摹仿,多分析总结,练就过硬的基本功,写出规范的句子来｡