小麦是世界上分布最广、种植面积最大的农作物之一。在我国,它是仅次于水稻的第二个重要粮食作物。我国小麦品种资源比较丰富,但由于大量的传统农家品种不断被育成品种所代替,使生产上使用的品种遗传基础比较单一。在大大提高了小麦生产率的同时,耗蚀了遗传变异的大量储备。因此,收集、研究和利用小麦品种资源,减少基因库进一步耗蚀的危险,实为当务之急。而且,从目前的资料已可清楚地看到,要大规模大幅度地丰富栽培小麦的基因库,有必要开发小麦的野生亲缘种的资源。栽培小麦的野生亲缘种拥有丰富的遗传变异,把它们的 Wheat is one of the most widely distributed and planted crops in the world. In our country, it is the second most important cereal crop after rice. China’s wheat varieties rich in resources, but because of a large number of traditional farm varieties continue to be replaced by bred varieties, so that the genetic basis of production of a single breed. While greatly increasing wheat productivity, depletion of a large number of genetic variation reserves. Therefore, it is imperative to collect, research and utilize wheat germplasm resources to reduce the risk of further depletion of gene banks. Moreover, it is clear from the current data that it is necessary to develop the resources of wild relatives of wheat in order to greatly enrich the gene pool of cultivated wheat on a large scale. Wild relatives of cultivated wheat possess abundant genetic variation and put them in