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依托长期定位试验(包括6个施肥处理:CK,不施肥;M,施循环猪圈肥;NP,施N、P化肥;NPK,施N、P、K化肥;NPK+M,N、P、K化肥+循环猪圈肥;PK,施P、K化肥),研究了不同施肥制度对下辽河平原地区潮棕壤固定态铵含量的影响及其变化过程。结果表明:随着种植时间推移,不同施肥模式下固定态铵含量均呈先降低而后逐渐稳定的趋势。与试验初期固定态铵含量相比,试验进行22年后,不同施肥处理固定态铵有18.0%~38.7%的释放。施用氮肥会导致土壤固定态铵含量降低;钾肥则能阻碍固定态铵释放,延缓其降低过程;单纯施用循环猪圈肥对固定态铵含量无显著影响;而施用N、P、K化肥基础上配施循环猪圈肥不仅可提高作物产量,且可使土壤固定态铵库保持在较高水平,有利于构建土壤氮素养分库,应为本地区旱田农业生产中的最佳施肥模式。
Relying on long-term experiment (including 6 fertilization treatments: CK, no fertilization; M, recycle pigsty fertilizer; NP, N and P fertilizers; NPK, N, P and K fertilizers; NPK + M, Fertilizers + recycled piggery; PK, P and K fertilizers). The effects of different fertilization regimes on the fixed ammonium content of tidal brown soil in the lower Liaohe Plain were studied. The results showed that with the planting time, the fixed ammonium content of different fertilization modes decreased first and then gradually stabilized. Compared with the fixed ammonium content in the initial stage of the experiment, the fixed-state ammonium released by different fertilizers was released by 18.0% -38.7% after 22 years. The application of nitrogen fertilizer will lead to the reduction of soil fixed ammonium content; Potassium can hinder the release of fixed ammonium, slow down the reduction process; the simple application of cyclic piglet fertilizer fixed ammonium content had no significant impact; and the application of N, P, K fertilizer based on Circulating piggery fertilizer can not only increase crop yield, but also keep the fixed ammonium pool of soil at a high level, which is conducive to the construction of soil nitrogen nutrient pool and should be the best mode of fertilization in dryland agricultural production in this area.