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孟子的幸福观具有多重向度,德性至上是其幸福观的根本原则,但不是唯一原则。从义利之辨来看,孟子的幸福原则包括德性原则、功利原则和理性原则三个方面。德性原则坚持儒家道义论的基本立场,确立了幸福观的德性基调和精神追求;功利原则触及儒家道德理想的经济基础,形成了孟子幸福观的现实品格并使之能够落实于社会生活;理性原则运用儒家思想的智慧思维,使幸福理论展现出鲜明的理性特质,力图消解德性幸福与功利幸福的内在紧张。在三大原则共同作用下,孟子的幸福观既发展了孔子奠定的德性幸福,又为儒家幸福观开辟出功利幸福的新空间,并实现二者一定程度的融合,从而构建了崭新的完整形态的儒家幸福观。
Mencius’s concept of happiness has multiple dimensions, and virtue first is the basic principle of its concept of happiness, but it is not the only principle. Judging from the meaning of righteousness and profit, Mencius’s happiness principle includes three aspects: the principle of virtue, the principle of utilitarianism and the principle of reason. The principle of virtue follows the basic position of Confucian morality and establishes the moral tone and spiritual pursuit of the concept of happiness. The principle of utilitarianism touches on the economic foundation of Confucian moral ideal and forms the realistic character of Mencius’ view of happiness and enables it to be implemented in social life. The principle of rationality applies the intellectual thinking of Confucianism to make the theory of happiness show distinctive rational qualities in an effort to eliminate the intrinsic tension of virtue and utility. Under the joint action of the three principles, Mencius’s concept of well-being not only develops the moral happiness laid by Confucius, but also opens up a new space for utilitarian happiness for Confucianism’s happiness concept and achieves a certain degree of integration between the two so as to construct a brand new integrity Form of Confucian concept of happiness.