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[目的 ]了解汽油无铅化后 ,儿童体内血铅水平和智商的变化及汽车尾气对其呼吸道症状发生率的影响。[方法 ]选择市区 Y小学 15 1名小学生为接触组 ,浦东 Z小学 16 0名小学生为对照组 ,进行健康问卷调查及体格检查 ,取无名指末梢血测定血铅浓度 ,采用瑞文测试法测定智商 ,以 EPI Info和 SAS软件进行统计分析。 [结果 ]接触组与对照组的体内血铅水平差异有显著性。血铅浓度 (x)与儿童智商 (y)水平有良好的负相关 (y=12 0 .11- 0 .12 9x)。接触组咽部疼痛和不适、异物感、咳嗽等症状的发生率较对照组有明显的升高 ,OR值分别为 1.71,2 .6 4及 2 .92。多元线性回归表明接触汽车尾气和家庭居住位置是儿童血铅水平及呼吸道症状发生率主要影响因素。 [结论 ]进一步控制汽车尾气的排放 ,合理规划住宅位置是控制儿童铅中毒及疾病发生的重要措施。
[Objective] To understand the changes of blood lead level and IQ in children after lead-free petrol and the influence of vehicle exhaust on the incidence of respiratory symptoms. [Methods] A total of 151 primary school students in urban Y primary school were selected as contact group and 160 primary school students in Zudong Pudong primary school as control group. Healthy questionnaire and physical examination were performed. Blood lead levels were measured by peripheral blood of ring finger, IQ, using EPI Info and SAS software for statistical analysis. [Results] There were significant differences in blood lead levels between the exposure group and the control group. There was a good negative correlation between blood lead levels (x) and children’s intelligence (y) levels (y = 12.0.11-12.12x). The incidence of throat pain and discomfort, foreign body sensation and cough in the exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group (OR = 1.71,2.64 and 2.92, respectively). Multivariate linear regression showed that exposure to vehicle exhaust and family residences were the main influencing factors for the prevalence of blood lead levels and respiratory symptoms in children. [Conclusion] It is an important measure to control the lead poisoning and disease in children by further controlling the emission of vehicle exhaust and planning the residential location reasonably.