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水库是农业用水的主要水源,修建水库以后,下游广大灌区水源充足,粮食产量成倍增长。但是随着生产的发展,人们逐渐认识到,要使农业增产,不仅要求有足够的水量,而且还必须保证水的质量。实践表明,水库采取不同的取水方式(表层取水或深层取水),将提供不同质量的水,从而将直接影响下游的生态环境和灌溉效果。例如,水库若采用深式取水,会降低下游河、渠的水温,加重灌区水稻冷害的程度,影响水库下游鱼类的生长。认识这些问题,研究趋利避害的办法,就能使水库水资源发挥更大的效益。
Reservoir is the main water source for agricultural water. After the reservoir is built, the water supply in the downstream irrigation area is abundant and the grain output doubled. However, with the development of production, people gradually come to realize that to increase agricultural production, not only requires sufficient water, but also the quality of water must be guaranteed. Practice shows that reservoirs adopting different ways of taking water (surface water or deep water intake) will provide different quality of water, which will directly affect the downstream ecological environment and irrigation effect. For example, deep water intake in reservoirs will reduce the water temperature of downstream rivers and ditches and increase the degree of chilling damage to rice in irrigation areas, affecting the growth of fish in the lower reaches of reservoirs. Understanding these problems and studying ways of avoiding disadvantages will bring greater benefits to reservoir water resources.