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为探索如何开展新生儿听力筛查工作，研究正常新生儿和新生儿监护室（ＮＩＣＵ）重症监护儿的听力障碍发病情况及听力障碍高危因素。对上海地区２３７８名新生儿进行听力筛查。正常新生儿组和ＮＩＣＵ重症监护儿组分别为１９７９人和３９９人。分别做听觉行为测定、信访和电话访问、脑干听觉诱发电位（ＡＢＲ）检查。结果：正常新生儿组和ＮＩＣＵ组的听力障碍发生率分别为０．３０％和２２．６０％，其中重度以上听力障碍分别为０．０５％和１．００％。提示高胆红素血症、庆大霉素注射史、卡那霉素注射史、低出生体重和化脓性脑膜炎可能是听力障碍的高危因素。
In order to explore how to carry out the neonatal hearing screening, study the incidence of hearing impairment and the risk factors of hearing impairment in intensive care unit of normal neonates and newborn care unit (NICU). 2378 newborns in Shanghai for hearing screening. The normal neonatal and NICU intensive care units were 1979 and 399, respectively. Perceptual behavioral testing, petition and telephone interview, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (ABR) were performed. Results: The incidence of hearing impairment in normal neonates and NICU patients was 0.30% and 22.60%, respectively, with severe hearing impairment of 0.05% and 1.00% respectively. Tip hyperbilirubinemia, gentamicin injection history, history of injection of kanamycin, low birth weight and purulent meningitis may be the risk factors for hearing impairment.