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目的探讨穿着高、低帮篮球鞋对跳跃动作踝关节矢状面运动学、动力学以及运动表现的影响。方法利用Vicon运动捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力台同步采集12名受试者穿着高、低帮篮球鞋进行双腿落地反跳(drop jump,DJ)和单腿跨步跳(lay-up jump,LJ)过程中踝关节矢状面屈伸最小/最大角度、力矩、功率、刚度、跳跃高度以及背屈活动度等参数指标。结果 (1)穿着高帮鞋能够显著减小踝关节的背屈角度(P<0.05)。在DJ和LJ过程中,两款鞋的跳跃高度、踝关节触地角度、最小/最大角度、活动度均无显著性差异;(2)在DJ过程中,穿着两款鞋的踝关节屈伸动力学特征无显著差异;但在LJ过程中,穿着高帮鞋的跖屈力矩和功率峰值均显著小于低帮鞋(P<0.05)。结论穿着高帮鞋虽然没有限制跳跃情况下踝关节的屈伸表现,但会影响踝关节矢状面的部分动力学特征,建议鞋帮高度的选择和设计能够在护踝的基础上充分发挥踝关节在矢状面的力学作用,从而实现运动表现的最优化。
Objective To investigate the effects of wearing high and low basketball shoes on the kinematics, dynamics and performance of the ankle sagittal plane. Methods Twelve pairs of high and low basketball shoes were simultaneously collected by Vicon motion capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force-measuring platform for drop-kick (DJ) and lay-up jump LJ) process of ankle sagittal flexion and extension minimum / maximum angle, torque, power, stiffness, jumping height and dorsiflexion activities and other parameters. Results (1) wearing high shoes can significantly reduce the ankle dorsiflexion angle (P <0.05). During the DJ and LJ process, the jumping height of the two shoes, the contact angle of the ankle, the minimum / maximum angle and the activity were not significantly different. (2) During the DJ, the ankle flexion and extension forces There was no significant difference in learning characteristics between the two groups. However, in the LJ process, the plantar flexion moment and peak power of wearing high shoes were significantly lower than those of the low-shoes (P <0.05). Conclusion While wearing high shoes can not affect the flexion and extension of the ankle when jumping, it may affect the dynamic characteristics of the sagittal part of the ankle. It is suggested that the height of the upper should be selected and designed to give full play to the ankle joint Sagittal mechanical effects, in order to achieve the optimal performance of sports.