呼吸道病毒严重威胁人类的健康。呼吸道上皮细胞是机体防御呼吸道病毒和细菌等外来病原体的第一道防线,因此建立呼吸道上皮细胞体外分化模型,为研究呼吸系统疾病发病机理、筛选有效的治疗药物奠定基础。本文主要介绍人呼吸道上皮细胞原代培养技术的研究进展及其在呼吸道病毒和呼吸系统疾病方面的应用。 Respiratory viruses pose a serious threat to human health. Respiratory epithelial cells are the first line of defense against foreign pathogens such as respiratory viruses and bacteria. Therefore, the establishment of respiratory epithelial cells in vitro differentiation model for the study of the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, screening effective therapeutic drugs to lay the foundation. This article mainly introduces the research progress of primary culture technology of human respiratory epithelial cells and its application in respiratory virus and respiratory diseases.