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借代是古今共同使用的一种辞格,但由于古今的社会情况、思想方式、语言特点、风俗习惯不同,所以古今借代之间是不能划等号的。两者之间,既有相同的方面,又有相异的方面。我们既要求同,又要辨异;从“同”中看继承,从“异”中看发展。研究古汉语借代的一些特性,是辨异的一项主要内容。本文拟就古汉语借代的特性作些初步的探讨。
Metonymy is a form of speech commonly used in ancient and modern times. However, due to the different social conditions, ideological methods, language features, and customs of ancient and modern times, the equivalence between ancient and modern can not be equated. Between the two, there are both the same aspects and different aspects. We must ask both the same thing and different things; we should look at inheritance from the perspective of “identity,” and look at development from the “different” aspect. The study of some characteristics of ancient Chinese borrowing is one of the main contents of distinguishing differences. This article intends to make some preliminary discussion on the characteristics of the ancient Chinese language.