苏联时期,苏维埃社会史的研究受到意识形态的强烈影响,研究课题主要是社会阶级结构、阶级关系等。当时关于苏联社会阶级结构的主流观点是官方的“二阶一层”论,即十月革命以后随着生产资料公有制改造完成和实现农业全盘集体化,30年代中期以后苏联形成了由二阶一层(工人、集体农 During the Soviet Union, the study of Soviet social history was strongly influenced by ideology. The research topics were mainly social class structure and class relations. The mainstream view of the class structure of the Soviet Union at the time was the official “second-tier and one-layer” theory that after the October Revolution, with the complete transformation of the means of production under public ownership and the overall collectivization of agriculture, the Soviet Union formed the second- Layers (workers, collective farming