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近代社会的本质是“市民社会(Die bürgerliche Gesellschaft)”。而政治经济学是伴随着近代市民社会的出现而诞生的新的理论体系,它是对近代社会本质结构的理论反映,属于对近代社会的自我剖析。正是因为如此,政治经济学才被马克思誉为“市民社会的解剖学”。因此,要想弄清楚市民社会的结构和本质,必须首先从政治经济学出发去分析,这也是马克思唯物史观的应有之义。改革开放以前,中国一直没有经历过严格意义上的市民社
The essence of modern society is “Die bürgerliche Gesellschaft”. The political economy is a new theoretical system born with the advent of modern civil society. It is a theoretical reflection of the essential structure of modern society and belongs to the self-analysis of modern society. It is for this reason that political economy was hailed by Marx as “the anatomy of civil society.” Therefore, in order to understand the structure and nature of civil society, we must first analyze it from the perspective of political economy, which is also the proper meaning of Marx’s historical materialism. Before the reform and opening up, China had never experienced civil society in the strict sense