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本文从古今日本文学的衍变脉络中,梳理日本诗学的形成及发展过程,剖析其体系结构,探究其核心诗学观念,并结合极为丰富的文学史现象,总结日本诗学的特色及成就。日本诗学经历了对中国诗学的引进、套用再到活用的过程,形成了“物哀”“幽玄”“寂”等一系列具有民族特色的概念范畴,并提出了许多独到的理论见解,成为东方文论乃至于世界诗学丛林中的参天大树。如果从现存的日语文献资料看,日本古代诗学偏重于纯文学形式的探讨,而对文学的本质问题、本源问题、社会价值与功能等重大问题较少关心论辩。但结合日本现存的大量汉语诗话及汉诗文别集总集看,上述情况又会有很大的改变。在著述方式上,日本传统文学创作呈现出偏重私人性和家传性质的特点,创作内容上有着杂糅性的特征,而在文体上则出现闲散随笔化的倾向。这些特殊表现,都与日本民族文化及历史发展特征息息相关。本文对日本诗学中的两对重要范畴所形成的两级结构,进行探索和辨析。在此基础上,本文还对日本诗学体系的总体特征,进行初步的概括总结,这些都成为日本诗学结构中的重要内容。
This paper analyzes the formation and development of Japanese poetics from ancient and modern Japanese literature, analyzes its system structure, explores its core concepts of poetics, and sums up the characteristics and achievements of Japanese poetics with the extremely rich literary history phenomenon. Japanese poetics has experienced the introduction of Chinese poetics, applied and then applied to the process of the formation of the “sorrow ” “secluded ” “quiet ” and a series of conceptual categories with national characteristics, and put forward Many original theoretical insights, as the Oriental literary theory and even the world towering trees in the poetic jungle. If we look at the existing Japanese literature, the ancient Japanese poetics focused on the discussion of purely literary forms, while less concerned about the major issues of literary nature, origin, social value and function. However, combined with the large number of Chinese extant Chinese poetry and Chinese poetry anthology set, the above situation will be greatly changed. On the way of writing, the traditional Japanese literature presents the characteristic of emphasizing on the nature of privateness and family-basedness. The creative content has the characteristics of heterogeneity, but there is a tendency of idle randomization in style. These special performances are all closely related to the characteristics of Japanese national culture and history. This article explores and differentiates the two-level structure formed by two important categories in Japanese poetics. On this basis, the article also summarizes the general characteristics of Japanese poetics system, which are all important contents in the structure of Japanese poetics.