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目的:了解湘西地区12-14岁苗族农村留守儿童的体质和营养状况,为提高湘西地区少数民族学生的健康水平提供参考依据。方法:随机抽取湘西地区12-14岁苗族农村留守儿童619名,测试其身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、50m跑、握力和立定跳远,并评价其营养状况。结果:随着年龄增长,留守儿童的身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、握力和立定跳远均逐渐增加,50s跑时间逐渐减少;14岁男生的肺活量、13岁、14岁男生的握力和立定跳远显著高于同龄女生(P<0.05);各年龄段男生的50m跑时间均显著低于女生(P<0.05),体重、胸围略低于同龄女生(P>0.05);除50m跑成绩外,留守儿童的各项体质指标均低于全国同龄儿童(P<0.05);留守儿童仅有34.25%为正常体重,营养不良、低体重、超重与肥胖者分别占5.17%、51.05%、6.95%和2.58%;营养状况有显著的性别差别(χ2=22.48、P<0.01),男生营养不良和低体重检出率明显高于女生(χ2=4.367、13.01、10.78,P<0.05)。超重和肥胖检出率略低于女生(χ2=2.02、1.57,P>0.05)。结论:湘西地区12-14岁苗族农村留守儿童身体发育水平整体落后于全国平均水平;营养状况不容乐观。
Objective: To understand the physical and nutritional status of left-behind children aged 12-14 in Miao rural areas in western Hunan and to provide references for improving the health of ethnic minority students in western Hunan. Methods: A total of 619 rural left - behind children aged 12-14 in western Hunan were selected for testing their height, weight, chest circumference, vital capacity, 50m running, grip strength and standing long jump, and their nutritional status were evaluated. Results: With age, the height, weight, chest circumference, vital capacity, grip strength and standing long jump of left-behind children gradually increased and the 50s running time gradually decreased. The vital capacity of 14-year-old boys and the strength and standing long jump of 13- and 14-year-old boys were significant (P <0.05). The 50m running time of boys of all ages was significantly lower than that of girls (P <0.05), while the body weight and chest circumference were slightly lower than those of girls of the same age (P> 0.05) Children's physical indicators were lower than the national children of the same age (P <0.05); children left behind only 34.25% of normal weight, malnutrition, low weight, overweight and obesity accounted for 5.17%, 51.05%, 6.95% and 2.58 %). There was a significant gender difference in nutritional status (χ2 = 22.48, P <0.01). Malnutrition and low birth weight were significantly higher in boys than in girls (χ2 = 4.367, 13.01 and 10.78, P <0.05). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was slightly lower than that of girls (χ2 = 2.02,1.57, P> 0.05). Conclusion: The physical development level of left-behind children aged 12-14 in Hmixiang rural areas in western Hunan lags behind the national average level; the nutritional status is not optimistic.