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目的研究孕妇尿中毒死蜱(chlorpyrifos,CPF)暴露水平及其影响因素,为评估宫内CPF暴露对儿童健康影响提供科学依据。方法于2009年6月—2010年1月选取江苏省某县1 100名孕妇为研究对象,采集孕妇尿样并完成调查问卷,以气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测尿中CPF代谢物3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶醇(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol,TCPy)浓度,估算孕妇CPF的每日摄入量(absorbed daily dose,ADD)并分析其影响因素。结果孕妇尿中TCPy检出率为100%,TCPy肌酐校正浓度范围为0.14~135.44μg/g Cr,中位值为6.96μg/g Cr,高于国外研究报道水平;估算的ADD中位值为0.31μg/(kg·d),低于农药残留联席会议(Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues,JMPR)制定的每日允许摄入量[0.01 mg/(kg·d)],但有51.4%的孕妇ADD值超过了美国环保局(Environmental Protection Agency,EPA)制定的慢性参考剂量[chronic reference doses,0.3μg/(kg·d)]。统计分析显示孕妇体内CPF负荷水平与工作类型、家庭收入、居住地类型和季节等因素有关。结论该地区孕妇普遍暴露于CPF农药,半数以上孕妇ADD水平高于EPA制定的慢性参考剂量,提示母婴有农药暴露的潜在健康风险。孕妇工作类型、家庭收入、居住地环境和季节是影响孕妇CPF暴露水平的主要因素。
Objective To study the exposure level of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in pregnant women and its influential factors, and to provide a scientific basis for assessing the impact of intrauterine CPF exposure on children’s health. Methods A total of 1,100 pregnant women from a county in Jiangsu Province were selected from June 2009 to January 2010. Urine samples from pregnant women were collected and questionnaires were completed. The urine samples were collected by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS / MS) CPF metabolite concentration of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), estimated daily CPF intake of pregnant women (daily dose, ADD) and Analyze its influencing factors. Results The urinary TCPy detection rate was 100%, the corrected concentration of TCPy creatinine was 0.14 ~ 135.44μg / g Cr, the median was 6.96μg / g Cr, which was higher than the reported level in foreign countries. The estimated median ADD was 0.31μg / (kg · d), lower than the daily allowable intake [0.01 mg / (kg · d)] prescribed by the Joint Meeting of Pesticide Residues (JMPR), but 51.4% of pregnant women ADD Values exceed the chronic reference doses of 0.3 μg / (kg · d) established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Statistical analysis showed that the level of CPF load in pregnant women was related to the type of work, family income, type of residence and season. Conclusion The pregnant women in this area are generally exposed to CPF pesticides. More than half of the pregnant women have ADD levels higher than the chronic reference doses prescribed by the EPA, indicating the potential health risks of exposure to pesticides for both mothers and infants. The type of pregnant women, family income, living environment and the season are the main factors affecting the level of CPF exposure in pregnant women.