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在当今国际贸易中,关税壁垒正逐步让位于非关税壁垒。而在非关税壁垒中,技术壁垒约占30％,是非关税壁垒中最隐蔽最难对付的一种。技术壁垒包括技术标准、技术法规和技术认证制度等内容,它一般具有两重性:既可以作为阻挡外国产品进口冲击下本国市场的屏障,又可以作为本国产品进入别国市场的“通道”。 截至1996年4月,我国进口关税总水平虽然降至23％,但同工业化国家的平均关税的4％相比,还有很大差距。关税壁垒的进一步减少已成必然趋势。我国是发展中国家,许多产业还不成熟,如没有适当的保护,就有被激烈的国际竞争冲垮的危险。所以,研究技术壁垒体系便具有十分重要的意义。
In today’s international trade, tariff barriers are gradually giving way to non-tariff barriers. In non-tariff barriers, technical barriers account for about 30%, which is the most hidden and difficult to deal with non-tariff barriers. Technical barriers include technical standards, technical regulations, and technology certification systems. It generally has two features: it can act as a barrier to foreign markets from import shocks, and it can also be used as a “channel” for domestic products to enter other countries’ markets. As of April 1996, although the total level of China’s import tariffs has fallen to 23%, there is still a big gap compared with 4% of the average tariff of industrialized countries. The further reduction of tariff barriers has become an inevitable trend. China is a developing country. Many industries are still immature. Without proper protection, there is a danger of fierce international competition. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the technical barrier system.