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八、句首短语和后面句子的逻辑关系错误
按照英语表达习惯,句首短语的逻辑主语应和后面句子的主语一致,否则很容易产生歧义。为了避免歧义,句首短语应改用从句。例如:
原句Even as a boy, the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.
只说出“当小时候时”,但没有说明“谁”小时候,很容易产生歧义。
修改:Even as he was a boy, the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.
原句At the age of ten, his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.
修改:When he was ten, his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.
九、主谓一致错误
主要体现在形式为复数、意义为单数的名词(如mathematics,physics,economics,news等)作主语时谓语动词错用为复数以及either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接并列主语时谓语动词单复数出现错误等方面。
原句Of all the subjects, physics are the most interesting. We all like it.
physics 是复数形式单数含义,谓语动词应用单数。
修改:Of all the subjects, physics is the most interesting. We all like it.
原句Not only my parents but also my brother enjoy taking a walk after supper.
either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also....等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
修改:Not only my parents but also my brother enjoys taking a walk after supper.
十、并列结构的误用
主要体现在并列连词前后的内容不一致、不平行。例如:
原句Thomas Edison not only was a famous scientist but also he was a great inventor.
not only...but also...连接的一定是并列成分,即并列分句、并列主语(谓语、宾语、表语、状语等)。
修改:Thomas Edison was not only a famous scientist but also a great inventor.
原句Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humour.
and前后的两个宾语补足语词性不一致,humour是名词,应用形容词humorous。
修改:Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humorous.
十一、句子成分残缺不全或表达重复、不简洁
原句Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions as follows.
and后面的并列句缺少助动词are。
修改:Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions are as follows.
原句My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does he can do to help others.
该句有两处错误,宾语从句缺少引导词和宾语what;为了避免重复,do应省去。
修改:My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does what he can to help others.
练一练:改正下列句子中的错误。
1. Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others very friendly.
2. At that time, a woman was very hard to admit to a college.
3. To pass the entrance examination, working hard is important every day.
4. Under his help, I finished my homework in time.
5. Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak the Chinese very well.
6. Above all, having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both his health and study.
7. Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980.
8. At the age of twelve, his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.
9. I still remember the chemical works I once worked with Mr. Li.
10. It is wrong to regard either their work as totally good or as completely bad.
11. Neither they nor he have hung the pictures upside down.
12. Tom didn’t raise when the teacher came into the classroom.
答案与解析:
1. friendly是形容词,不是副词,应改为:Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others in a very friendly way.
2. admit表示“准许加入”、“接收”时是及物动词;整个句子的表达也不符合英语习惯,应使用形式主语it:At that time, it was very hard for a woman to be admitted to a college.
3. 目的状语不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致。应改为:To pass the entrance examination, we must work hard every day.
4. “在……的帮助下”用with one’s help/with the help of... 应改为:With his help/With the help of him, I finished my homework in time.
5. 语言的名称前不加冠词。应改为:Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak Chinese very well.
6. his与前面的the students不一致。应改为:Above all, having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both their health and study.
7. 表示“20世纪80年代”应用复数形式。应改为:Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980s.
8. 句首短语的逻辑主语和后面句子的主语不一致。应改为:When he was twelve, his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.
9. 定语从句缺少地点状语,即关系副词where。应改为:I still remember the chemical works where I once worked with Mr. Li.
10. either...or... 应该连接并列成分。应改为:It is wrong to regard their work either as totally good or as completely bad.
11. 主谓一致错误。应改为:Neither they nor he has hung the pictures upside down.
12. 动词误用,不及物动词rise才可表示“起身”。应改为:Tom didn’t rise when the teacher came into the classroom.
编辑/梁宇清
按照英语表达习惯,句首短语的逻辑主语应和后面句子的主语一致,否则很容易产生歧义。为了避免歧义,句首短语应改用从句。例如:
原句Even as a boy, the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.
只说出“当小时候时”,但没有说明“谁”小时候,很容易产生歧义。
修改:Even as he was a boy, the teacher thought he was hopeless at maths.
原句At the age of ten, his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.
修改:When he was ten, his father died and the family couldn’t afford his school education.
九、主谓一致错误
主要体现在形式为复数、意义为单数的名词(如mathematics,physics,economics,news等)作主语时谓语动词错用为复数以及either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...等连接并列主语时谓语动词单复数出现错误等方面。
原句Of all the subjects, physics are the most interesting. We all like it.
physics 是复数形式单数含义,谓语动词应用单数。
修改:Of all the subjects, physics is the most interesting. We all like it.
原句Not only my parents but also my brother enjoy taking a walk after supper.
either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also....等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
修改:Not only my parents but also my brother enjoys taking a walk after supper.
十、并列结构的误用
主要体现在并列连词前后的内容不一致、不平行。例如:
原句Thomas Edison not only was a famous scientist but also he was a great inventor.
not only...but also...连接的一定是并列成分,即并列分句、并列主语(谓语、宾语、表语、状语等)。
修改:Thomas Edison was not only a famous scientist but also a great inventor.
原句Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humour.
and前后的两个宾语补足语词性不一致,humour是名词,应用形容词humorous。
修改:Mr. Wang is our English teacher. He often makes his lessons interesting and humorous.
十一、句子成分残缺不全或表达重复、不简洁
原句Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions as follows.
and后面的并列句缺少助动词are。
修改:Recently we have had a heated discussion about whether a mobile phone should be brought to school and our opinions are as follows.
原句My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does he can do to help others.
该句有两处错误,宾语从句缺少引导词和宾语what;为了避免重复,do应省去。
修改:My friend Li Hua is always ready to help others. He often does what he can to help others.
练一练:改正下列句子中的错误。
1. Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others very friendly.
2. At that time, a woman was very hard to admit to a college.
3. To pass the entrance examination, working hard is important every day.
4. Under his help, I finished my homework in time.
5. Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak the Chinese very well.
6. Above all, having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both his health and study.
7. Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980.
8. At the age of twelve, his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.
9. I still remember the chemical works I once worked with Mr. Li.
10. It is wrong to regard either their work as totally good or as completely bad.
11. Neither they nor he have hung the pictures upside down.
12. Tom didn’t raise when the teacher came into the classroom.
答案与解析:
1. friendly是形容词,不是副词,应改为:Li Ming is very kind and he always speaks to others in a very friendly way.
2. admit表示“准许加入”、“接收”时是及物动词;整个句子的表达也不符合英语习惯,应使用形式主语it:At that time, it was very hard for a woman to be admitted to a college.
3. 目的状语不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致。应改为:To pass the entrance examination, we must work hard every day.
4. “在……的帮助下”用with one’s help/with the help of... 应改为:With his help/With the help of him, I finished my homework in time.
5. 语言的名称前不加冠词。应改为:Peter has been in China for six years and he can speak Chinese very well.
6. his与前面的the students不一致。应改为:Above all, having sports regularly can greatly benefit the students in both their health and study.
7. 表示“20世纪80年代”应用复数形式。应改为:Great changes have taken place in our country since the 1980s.
8. 句首短语的逻辑主语和后面句子的主语不一致。应改为:When he was twelve, his family moved to New York where he continued his writing.
9. 定语从句缺少地点状语,即关系副词where。应改为:I still remember the chemical works where I once worked with Mr. Li.
10. either...or... 应该连接并列成分。应改为:It is wrong to regard their work either as totally good or as completely bad.
11. 主谓一致错误。应改为:Neither they nor he has hung the pictures upside down.
12. 动词误用,不及物动词rise才可表示“起身”。应改为:Tom didn’t rise when the teacher came into the classroom.
编辑/梁宇清