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公文是现代公务活动中广泛应用的一种文字工具,虽然也象文学作品一样,运用规范的现代汉语进行写作,但公文在写作过程中却受到某些非语文因素的制约,因而显示出与文学作品不同的语言特色。这些非语文因素主要来自公文写作主体(作者)、客体(文本)、受体(读者)的特殊性。写好公文,不仅需具备一定的语言素养,还需对公文写作中非语文因素及其对语言的制约有所认识。制约公文语言的非语文因素大致可以从三个方面来把握:
Official documents are widely used literary tools in modern official activities. Although they are also written in the same way as literary works in standardized modern Chinese, official documents are subject to certain non-Chinese factors during the course of writing, Works of different language features. These non-linguistic factors mainly come from the particularity of the subject of writing (author), object (text) and audience (reader). Writing official documents, not only must have a certain degree of language literacy, but also on the non-Chinese documents in the composition of the factors and their awareness of the constraints of the language. Non-language factors that restrict the official document language can be roughly grasped from three aspects: