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目的调查分析1起水痘暴发疫情的原因和特点,为集体单位水痘疫情控制总结经验。方法自行设计水痘危险因素调查表,通过现场调查和电话访问等方法收集本次疫情的流行病学特征信息,通过回顾性队列研究探讨疫情发生的风险因素。结果此次聚集性疫情共发病51例,疫情累及4个年级11个班级,总罹患率为3.69%(51/1 383)。罹患率最高的年级为二年级(7.80%)和一年级(5.37%),各年级罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.22,P<0.01)。乘坐校车的学生罹患率高于不乘坐校车的学生χ2=5.78,P<0.05,RR=4.09(1.04~16.06)。结论这是1起发生在深圳市某学校的水痘聚集性疫情,学生免疫接种率低和乘坐校车的综合作用导致疫情在全校范围内扩散传播。
Objective To investigate the causes and characteristics of an outbreak of chicken pox and to summarize the experience of the control of the epidemic of chicken pox in a collective unit. Methods A questionnaire of risk factors for chickenpox was designed. Epidemiological characteristics of this epidemic were collected through on-site investigation and telephone interview. Retrospective cohort studies were conducted to investigate the risk factors for the outbreak. Results There were 51 outbreaks of this cluster outbreak. The outbreak was affected by 4 classes and 11 classes. The total attack rate was 3.69% (51/1 383). The highest attack rates were grade two (7.80%) and grade one (5.37%). There was significant difference in the attack rates among all grades (χ2 = 15.22, P <0.01). Students with school buses had higher attack rate than those without school buses χ2 = 5.78, P <0.05, RR = 4.09 (1.04 ~ 16.06). Conclusions This is a cluster of chickenpox epidemics that occurred in a school in Shenzhen. The low immunization rate and the combined effect of school buses lead to the spread of the epidemic throughout the school.