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1967年11月,美国海岸警备队组建了国家资料浮标发展规划局。该组织的最初宗旨在于鉴定环境资料浮标的设计和性能并使其标准化,以期建立起由能够传递多种信息、功能复杂、技术先进的大型浮标,佐以能满足个别用户需要的设计较简单的小型浮标,组成的宏大的浮标网。1972年,通过对用户的需求所作的重新估价,将原规划做了方向性的调整,以迎合用户的需要。因此关于建立由多功能大浮标组成的浮标网的设想便被束之高阁了。1973年1月,新的规划导至了美国海洋大气局资料浮标处的诞生。国家气象局同意做为它的用户。美国国家海洋大气局资料浮标处(NDBO*)的主要使命就是要研究于不同海区准确、可靠地收集、报告环境气象资料的技术。通过提供这些资料,改进天气预报,也包括对迫临的灾难性的气象突变的报警。为达此目的,做为该规划的基本组成部分就是要在不同的海区和海湾布设若干个锚碇浮标。本文将回顾在实施NDBO规划中使用的传感器、电子设备、通讯硬件设备的演变情况,同时我们也将从NDBO的使命的角度出发,结合我们规划的主要部分阐述我们的观点,从而使浮标技术得到应有的评价。
In November 1967, the US Coast Guard set up the National Data Buoy Development Planning Bureau. Its original mission was to identify and standardize the design and performance of environmental data buoys with a view to establishing a relatively simple design that consists of large buoys capable of delivering a wide range of information, complex functions and advanced technology, with a simple design that meets the needs of individual users Small buoys, composed of a grand buoy net. In 1972, through the re-evaluation of the needs of users, the original plan made a directional adjustment to meet the needs of users. Therefore, the idea of establishing a buoy network composed of multi-functional buoys has been shelved. In January 1973, the new plan led to the birth of the data buoy at the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Weather Service agrees to be its user. The main mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Data Buoy (NDBO *) is to study techniques for accurately and reliably collecting and reporting environmental and meteorological data in different sea areas. By providing this information, weather forecasts are improved, as well as warning of catastrophic weather catastrophe. To this end, the basic component of the plan is the deployment of several anchor buoys in different sea areas and in the Gulf. This article will review the evolution of sensors, electronics, communications hardware used in implementing the NDBO program and we will also articulate our point of view from the NDBO mission’s perspective in the main part of our program to get the buoy technology Appropriate evaluation.