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利用98对SSR标记对202份中国水稻地方品种和选育品种的遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示供试品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性,共检测到等位基因1350个,每个位点的等位基因数(Na)变化范围为3~39,平均14个;Nei基因多样性指数变化范围(He)为0.125~0.955,平均0.733;多态信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.122~0.953,平均0.680;稀有等位基因数(Nr)913个;等位基因丰度(Rs)8.33。栽培稻地方品种和选育品种遗传多样性差异明显,地方品种等位基因数、Nei基因多样性指数、多态信息量、稀有等位基因数和等位基因丰度(Na=1219,He=0.747,PIC=0.710,Nr=756,Rs=8.50)均高于选育品种(Na=919,He=0.704,PIC=0.650,Nr=529,Rs=7.01)。各染色体组水平的遗传多样性分析表明,选育品种仅在1号染色体上的遗传多样性高于地方品种,进一步分析显示选育品种的遗传改良在基因组水平上具有区间特异性。
98 pairs of SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 202 Chinese landraces and breeding varieties. The results showed that the tested cultivars were rich in genetic diversity. A total of 1350 alleles were detected. The number of alleles (Na) per locus ranged from 3 to 39 with an average of 14. Nei gene diversity index The range of variation (He) ranged from 0.125 to 0.955 with an average of 0.733. PIC ranged from 0.122 to 0.953 with an average of 0.680, with 913 rare alleles (Nr) and 8.33 . There were significant differences in genetic diversity between cultivars and cultivars. The number of alleles, Nei gene diversity index, polymorphism information, rare alleles and allele abundance (Na = 1219, He = 0.747, PIC = 0.710, Nr = 756, Rs = 8.50) were higher than that of the breeding varieties (Na = 919, He = 0.704, PIC = 0.650, Nr = 529, Rs = 7.01). The analysis of genetic diversity at each chromosome level showed that the genetic diversity of the selected cultivars on chromosome 1 was higher than that of local cultivars. Further analysis showed that the genetic improvement of the selected cultivars was interval-specific at the genome level.