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富含细胞来源小分子的膜泡自被发现就与细胞碎片问题相关,尤其是细胞碎片是多大的膜泡。细胞分泌膜泡的途径是通过内涵体途径和细胞膜出泡的途径。这些不同大小的膜泡包括外泌体、细胞外颗粒体、微粒、核内体,它们中包含的成分虽然不同,但是均能够介导细胞间的信息交流和物质传递。尤其是近年来发现这些膜泡内含有蛋白和RNA,这些成分可能是引起特殊的细胞间交流方式的原因~([1])。本篇综述主要总结外泌体的生物学性质、形成与释放的方式、内含的主要蛋白和核酸,以及作为分子标
Bubbles that are rich in small cell-derived molecules have been found to be associated with cell debris problems, especially how large the cell debris is. The pathway by which cells secrete vesicles is through the endosomal pathway and the cell membrane blisters. These different sizes of vesicles include exosomes, extracellular granules, microparticles and endosomes. Although they contain different components, they can both mediate the exchange of information and the transfer of materials between cells. Especially in recent years, it has been found that these vesicles contain proteins and RNAs, which may be responsible for the special mode of cell-cell communication. [1] This review summarizes the biological properties of exosomes, the way they are formed and released, the major proteins and nucleic acids contained therein,