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一、问题的提出 黄河上游龙羊峡至青铜峡河段(以下简称黄河上游)全长1023公里,区间流域面积14.36万平方公里,落差1465米,龙羊峡、青铜峡多年平均流量分别为650和1050秒立米,水能资源理论蕴藏量1133万千瓦,规划了龙羊峡等十五座电站,共利用最大水头1073米,总库容418.13亿立米,保证出力456万千瓦,装机容量1246.4万千瓦,年发电量500.6亿度。已建和在建水电站有龙羊峡、刘家峡、盐锅峡、八盘峡和青铜峡五座,总装机324.4万千瓦,年发电量157.2亿度,约占可开发电量32％。已完成初步设计的有李家峡和大峡水电站,小观音、大柳树、拉西瓦和公伯峡等其余主要电站,也都进行了一定的勘测设计工作。通过反复调查研究,并经过已建电站的运行考验,充分说明黄河上游水电站具有下列六大优势: (一)自然条件优越,电能质量高 黄河上游水量平稳,水库容积大,可进行多年调节,因此电能质量高,保证电能占多年平均电能的80％。
First, the issue raised Longyangxia to the upper reaches of the Yellow River reaches the Qingtongxia (hereinafter referred to as the upper reaches of the Yellow River) a total length of 1023 kilometers, the basin area of 143,600 square kilometers, a gap of 1465 meters, Longyangxia, Qingtongxia average annual flow was 650 And 1050 seconds of legislation, the theoretical reserves of hydropower resources of 11.33 million kilowatts, planning Longyangxia and other 15 power plants, a total of 1073 meters with a total head of 41.813 billion cubic meters of total storage capacity to ensure output of 4.56 million kilowatts, installed capacity of 12.464 million kilowatts , Annual generating capacity of 500.6 billion degrees. There are five hydropower stations under construction and under construction in Longyangxia, Liujiaxia, Yanghuaxia, Bapanxia and Qingtongxia, with a total installed capacity of 3.244 million kilowatts and an annual generating capacity of 15.72 billion kilowatts, accounting for about 32% of the electricity that can be developed. The preliminary design has been carried out for some of the remaining major power stations such as Lijiaxia and Daxia Hydropower Plants, Xiaoguanyin, Daliushu, Laxiwa and Gongboxia, as well as some surveys and designs. Through repeated investigations and studies and tests of the operation of the existing hydropower stations, it is fully demonstrated that the hydropower stations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River have the following six major advantages: (1) Excellent natural conditions and high power quality The Yellow River has stable water volume and large reservoir capacity and can be adjusted for many years. High-quality power to ensure that electricity accounts for 80% of the average annual power.