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债权人代位权诉讼设置之初,其制度功能是债的保全,适用所谓的“入库规则”。我国代位权制度的现行立法则背离了该传统,赋予了代位权行使以“相对优先受偿”效力,并将代位权原本的“保全”功能一举转化为“实现”功能。然而,这种“优先受偿”规则在处理批量代位权诉讼案件的过程中,却面临着理论论证上的缺陷和法律适用上的困境。本文以司法实践为切入点,在分析现有制度疏漏的基础上,以均衡协调原则为指导,从实体和程序两个方面为批量共同诉讼提供了可行的解决路径:从实体法上,针对批量代位权诉讼对结果平等的特殊要求,确立“同位优先受偿”规则,以弥补现行优先受偿规则的不足;而在程序法上,则借鉴“类似必要共同诉讼”的规则体系,通过对批量代位权诉讼的强制合并审理、合一确定,辅之以特殊的加入、上诉等规则来保障裁判结果的公平和统一。
At the beginning of the creditor’s subrogation proceedings, the function of the system is the preservation of debts, and the so-called “storage rules” apply. The current legislation of China’s subrogation system departs from this tradition by giving effect to the subrogation right with the function of “giving priority to repayment” and transforming the original “subrogation” function of subrogation into “the realization” function . However, this “priority-reimbursement” rule is confronted with the defects of theoretical argumentation and the dilemma of the application of law in handling the case of bulk subrogation litigation. Based on the analysis of the omissions of the existing system and under the guidance of the principle of balanced coordination, this article provides a feasible solution to the mass joint litigation from two aspects: the substantive law and the bulk The subordinate litigation has the special requirement of equality of result and establishes the rule of “same priority, priority to be paid” to make up for the deficiency of the current priority of reimbursement; while in the procedural law, we draw on the rules system of “similar necessary common litigation” , Through the trial of the compulsory merger of bulk subrogation proceedings, the one determination, supplemented by special rules of accession and appeal to ensure the fairness and unity of the judgment.