软Ｘ射线显微术适合于自然状态下生物样品的高分辨率显微成像。软Ｘ射线接触显微术是Ｘ射线显微成像方法中最简单也是迄今唯一达到接近理论分辨率的方法。本文阐述软Ｘ射线接触显微成像的原理和方法，并报告用合肥同步辐射光源进行软Ｘ射线接触显微成像的一些实验结果。 Soft X-ray microscopy is suitable for high-resolution microscopy of biological samples in their natural state. Soft X-ray contact microscopy is the simplest and, to date, the only method that has approached theoretical resolution in X-ray microscopy. This article describes the principles and methods of soft X-ray contact microscopy and reports some experimental results of soft X-ray contact microscopy using a Hefei synchrotron radiation source.