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在陀思妥耶夫斯基的长篇小说《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中,阿廖沙的形象格外引人注意。笔者认为,在阿廖沙的个人成长经历以及他与佐西马长老的师徒关系中,始终贯穿着“复活”这一主题。这一主题在作品中是通过主人公的堕落(精神死亡)——忏悔(信仰基督)——人性的回归(新生)的精神历程来实现的。同时,这一鲜明的主题又与作者本人的人生经历和精神探索息息相关。陀氏通过阿廖沙的精神历程向人们传达出这样的哲理意蕴:人类只有在利己主义的自我意识的“死亡”之后,才能获得利他的、普遍的精神重生。本文认为,这样的重生即便对于今天的我们仍然具有启示意义。
In Dostoevsky’s novel “Karamazov Brothers”, Alyosha’s image is particularly attractive. The author believes that in Alyosha’s personal growth experience and his mentor with the elder Zuo Xi Ma relationship always runs through the theme of “resurrection.” This theme is achieved in the works through the spiritual process of the protagonist’s fall (spiritual death) - repentance (faith in Christ) - the return of human nature (newborn). At the same time, this distinctive theme is closely related to the writer’s own life experiences and spiritual exploration. Through the spiritual course of Alyosha, Dushaf conveyed the philosophical connotation to the people that human beings can gain altruistic and universal spiritual rebirth only after the “death” of self-awareness of egoism. This article argues that such rebirth is still of revelatory significance to us today.