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住户无偿服务核算作为完善现有国民经济核算体系的重要组成部分,日益受到国内外学者的关注和研究。基于已有的研究成果,以SNA2008作为理论指导,从时间投入的视角,利用住户时间调查微观数据对住户无偿服务时间分配差异进行研究,并运用Tobit回归模型实证分析了影响住户无偿服务时间分配的性别、年龄、教育程度等因素。研究结果表明:性别因素影响显著,女性住户成员是家务劳动和照料小孩活动的主要承担者;住户成员的教育程度对其分配于照料小孩的时间具有明显的正向效应,受教育程度越高,住户成员照料小孩的时间越长。此外,本文还发现家庭中最小孩子的年龄越小,住户成员照料小孩的时间越长,且对女性的边际影响要明显高于男性。
As an important part of perfecting the existing national economic accounting system, the accounting of unpaid service for the household is receiving more and more attention and research from domestic and foreign scholars. Based on the existing research results and using SNA2008 as a theoretical guideline, this paper uses household time survey microdata to study the differences of time allocation of gratis services from the perspective of time investment, and uses Tobit regression model to empirically analyze the distribution of gratis services Gender, age, education level and other factors. The results show that gender factors have a significant impact. Female members of household are the main carriers of housework and childcare activities. The education level of household members has a significant positive effect on the time allocated to caring for children. The higher the level of education, The longer a household member takes care of a child. In addition, the paper also finds that the youngest children in the family are younger, the longer the household members take care of their children, and the marginal impact on women is significantly higher than that of men.