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建立法律,明确各自的权利和义务,依法治教,是日本教育行政管理的一大特色.高等教育的管理也不例外.这个历史可以追溯到明治初年,1872年的“学制”标志着日本国近代高等教育制度的确立.以后历经明治、大正、昭和时期的改革、完善,特别是经过第二次教育改革(明治五年史称第一次教育改革,二战后教育改革),清除了封建主义、军国主义、官僚主义对教育管理的影响,建立起了二十几部有关高等教育的法律、法令和政令,使高等教育的设、改、废(设置、更改、废止);运营管理;组织权限;乃至私学振兴;育英奖学等主要环节和方面纳入了民主化和法治化的轨道,逐步形成了较为系统的高教法律体系.这一法律体系不仅体现在
Establishing laws, clarifying their respective rights and obligations, and administering education according to law are one of the major characteristics of Japan’s educational administration. The management of higher education is no exception. This history dates back to the early years of the Meiji era. The “academic system” of 1872 marked Japan After the establishment of the system of higher education in modern China, after the reform and perfection of the Meiji, Taisho and Showa era, especially after the second educational reform (the Meiji Five-Year History called the first educational reform and the post-World War II educational reform), the feudalism was eliminated , Militarism and bureaucracy on education and management, and established more than 20 laws, decrees and decrees on higher education so that higher education should be established, reformed and scrapped (set up, changed and abolished); its operation and management; its organization Authority and private education revitalization, Yuying scholarship and other major aspects and aspects into the track of democratization and the rule of law, and gradually formed a more systematic system of higher education law .This legal system is not only reflected in the