(一)语文教学也是一个整体,必须把它放到内外左右的联系中去观察,如果象过去那样,只注意课堂教学法这一个局部的研究是很不全面的。我以为语文教学至少包括教师的教与学生的学这两个系统:从教的方面看,它包括三个因素:教师的修养如何,教材是否典范,教法是否得当。其中主导的因素是教师修养。从学的方面看,大致有四个因素:学生有学习兴趣,在课内 (1) Chinese teaching is also a whole. It must be observed in the context of internal and external connections. If, as in the past, only a partial study of classroom teaching is not comprehensive, I think Chinese teaching includes at least two systems: teacher teaching and student learning. From the aspect of teaching, it includes three factors: how teachers are trained, the teaching material is exemplary and the teaching method is proper. The leading factor is teacher training. In terms of learning, there are roughly four factors: Students have an interest in learning in class