丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)可引起慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌。80%的新发感染发展为慢性感染,干扰素/利巴韦林联合治疗疗效不尽如人意,这些现象提示HCV已建立了一系列抵抗机制对抗宿主的免疫反应和干扰素的抗病毒活性。近年来研究发现,病毒可通过干扰模式识别受体TLR3、RIG-Ⅰ介导的信号通路和干扰素信号通路以及干扰素刺激基因等多个水平的逃避机制,抵抗宿主的抗病毒反应。本文对HCV封闭模式识别受体介导的信号通路,干扰宿主固有免疫以建立持续感染的分子机制进行了综述。 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. 80% of new infections develop chronic infection, interferon / ribavirin combination therapy is not satisfactory, these phenomena suggest that HCV has established a series of resistance mechanisms against host immune response and interferon antiviral activity. In recent years, it has been found that the virus can resist the host’s antiviral response by interfering with multiple levels of evasion mechanisms such as TLR3, RIG-I-mediated signaling pathway, interferon signaling pathway and interferon stimulating gene. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which HCV recognizes a closed pattern recognition receptor-mediated pathway and interferes with the host’s innate immunity to establish a sustained infection.