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基于“一线员工”高柔性、低成本、低风险及环境友好的特点,以员工作为主体要素的人工作业系统(MOS-Manual Operation System)是我国中小制造企业当前采用的主要结构模式。人工作业系统的组织模式及其作业形式对生产系统绩效影响较大。当员工速率为已知常数时,从各工序小组的人数、生产速率的差异性、工序间是否相互支援的角度对作业模式进行分类,并分别计算其计划期内的产出速率及总人工成本,算例表明生产线需要的多技能人数越多,生产效率越高,但成本也越高。当员工速率服从正态分布时,采用witness仿真的方法得到的结论是生产率的波动性越低、各工序小组人数越多,生产效率越高。上述结论可为生产实践提供参考价值。
Based on “front-line staff ” high flexibility, low cost, low risk and environment-friendly characteristics, the staff as the main factor of the manual operation system (MOS-Manual Operation System) is the main structural mode currently used by small and medium manufacturing enterprises in our country. The artificial operating system’s organizational mode and its operation form have a great influence on the production system’s performance. When the employee rate is a known constant, the operating modes are classified from the perspectives of the number of process teams, the difference in production rates, and whether the processes support each other, and the output rates and total labor costs during the planning period are respectively calculated The example shows that the more multi-skilled people the production line needs, the higher the production efficiency but the higher the cost. When the employee’s rate obeys the normal distribution, the conclusion drawn by the method of witness simulation is that the lower the volatility of productivity, the more the number of teams in each process and the higher the production efficiency. The above conclusion can provide reference value for production practice.