石墨和金刚石是人们所熟知的稳定存在于自然界中的两种碳的同索异形体,碳60(或称足球烯)是1985年由美国科学家发现的除石墨和金刚石之外的碳的第3种同素异形体。在石墨的结构中,同层的碳原子以sp~2杂化轨道形成共价键,每个碳原子以其3个共价键与另外3个碳原子相连,6个碳原子在同一平面上形成了正六边形的环,C—C连接构成无限伸展的平面层。为满足成键要求,在同一平面层内的所有碳原子各自贡献一个价电子形成平面离域大π键。层与层之间没有 Graphite and diamond are well known as two carbon isotactic forms that are stable in nature. Carbon 60 (also known as soccer football) is the third carbon discovered by American scientists in 1985, except for graphite and diamond Allotrope In the graphite structure, carbon atoms in the same layer form sp ~ 2 hybrid orbital to form covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is linked to 3 carbon atoms by 3 covalent bonds, and 6 carbon atoms are on the same plane Forming a regular hexagonal ring, the C-C connection forms an infinitely stretched planar layer. In order to meet the bonding requirements, all the carbon atoms in the same planar layer each contribute a valence electron to form a planar delocalized π bond. There is no difference between layers