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目的探讨湘西州农村中学生健康危险行为聚集模式的性别差异及特点。方法于2014年采用分层整群随机抽样法从湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州抽取4个县8所农村中学1974名土家族和苗族中学生(男生896人,女生1078人;土家族1020人,苗族954人),对其偏食、吸烟、饮酒、自杀意念、网络成瘾、非安全游泳等健康危险行为进行问卷调查。以11种主要健康危险行为作为聚类指标,首先采用层次聚类法对男、女学生分别进行聚类分析,确定男、女学生最佳聚类数均为4类。然后采用两步聚类法进行分析,得到男、女学生4类危险行为聚集模式组的特点。结果低危险组男生262人(29.2%),女生215人(19.9%);较低危险组男生268人(29.9%),女生365人(33.9%);中度危险组男生217人(24.2%),女生264人(24.5%);高危险组男生149人(16.6%),女生234人(21.7%)。男生饮酒高发(97.7%)的中度危险组与吸烟(67.3%)、打架(63.6%)、非安全游泳(66.4%)等行为聚集,女生孤独高发(45.1%)的中度危险组与偏食(65.2%)、步行违规(50.4%)等行为聚集。高危险组中所有的男生和92.7%的女生发生过≥4种危险行为。结论湘西州农村中学生各危险行为聚集模式组存在性别差异。其中,中度危险组中男生以饮酒为标志性行为,女生以孤独为标志性行为。高危险组中大部分危险行为高发,呈现“外显问题行为和内隐性行为”的高度聚集现象。
Objective To explore the gender differences and characteristics of healthy risk behaviors in rural middle school students in western. Methods In 2014, Tujia and Miao middle school students (896 boys and 1078 girls; 1020 Tujia and Miao minority) were sampled from 4 counties in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. 954 people) conducted a questionnaire survey on their health risk behaviors such as partial eclipse, smoking, drinking, suicidal ideation, internet addiction and unsafe swimming. Taking 11 kinds of major health risk behaviors as the clustering index, the cluster analysis method was used to analyze the male and female students respectively, and the best clustering numbers of male and female students were all 4 categories. Then the two-step clustering method was used to analyze the characteristics of the four types of dangerous behavior aggregation patterns of male and female students. Results There were 262 boys (29.2%) and 215 girls (19.9%) in the low risk group, 268 boys (29.9%) and 365 girls (33.9%) in the lower risk group, 217 boys (24.2% ), 264 girls (24.5%), 149 boys (16.6%) girls and 234 girls (21.7%) girls in high risk group. The middle-risk group of boys with high alcohol consumption (97.7%) had smokers (67.3%), fighting (63.6%), unsafe swimming (66.4%) and other behaviors. (65.2%), walking irregularities (50.4%) and other acts gathered. All boys and 92.7% of girls in the high-risk group had> 4 dangerous behaviors. Conclusion There are gender differences in clustering groups of risk behaviors among rural middle school students in Xiangxi. Among them, boys in middle-risk group take drinking as the symbolic behavior, and girls take lonely as the symbolic behavior. Most of the high-risk groups had high risk behaviors, showing a high degree of aggregation of “explicit problem behavior and implicit behavior.”