对于马基雅维里 ,评论家们往往忽视了其复杂性。在马基雅维里的思想中 ,道德和政治存在着明显的差异 ,我们称之为“道德—政治”的二元对立。我们可以发现这种二元对立是基于现实主义的考虑。马基雅维里既如同前期人文主义者 ,在《君主论》中大谈君主的美德 ;但是同时又宣称君主可以为了目的而不择手段 ,这正是他与前期人文主义者的最大相异之处。马基雅维里也因此陷入了“道德—政治”的二元对立之中。马基雅维里的这种二元对立 ,也给予了我们一种多元的启示。 For Machiavelli, critics often overlook the complexity. In Machiavelli’s thought there is a clear difference between morality and politics, which we call the binary opposition to “morality-politics.” We can see that this binary opposition is based on realism. Machiavelli, as a pre-humanist, talked about the virtue of the monarch in “monarchism”; at the same time, however, he claimed that the monarch could choose unscrupulous tactics for his purposes. This is exactly the greatest difference between him and the pre-humanists. Machiavelli also fell into the binary opposition of “morality and politics.” This binary opposition to Machiavelli also gives us a pluralistic enlightenment.