一、引言新引入或育成的品种和品系,在大面积应用之前,必须经过区城试验。区域试验中需要研究的主要因素有:①品种效应,这是品种的产量或品质等的主效,属固定型;②地点效应,这是地点间土壤类型、耕作制度、管理方法等可以预知的环境差异的主效,一般亦属固定型;③年分效应,这是不同年分的温度、雨量、偶然性灾害等难以预知的环境差异的效应,一般属随机型;④品种×地点互作,这是品种对于可预知的环境差异是否具有特殊的适应性,一般属固定型;⑤品种×年分互作,这是品种对于难以预知的环境差异是否具有特殊 I. INTRODUCTION The newly introduced or bred breeds and strains must pass the district test before large-scale application. The main factors that need to be studied in the regional experiment are as follows: ① variety effect, which is the main effect of variety yield or quality, and is a fixed type; ② site effect, which can be predicted by soil type, farming system and management method The main effect of environmental differences is generally also a fixed type; ③ year effect, which is different years of temperature, rainfall, accidental disasters and other unpredictable effects of environmental differences, are generally random; ④ species × site interaction, This is the variety for predictable environmental differences have a special adaptability, generally a fixed type; ⑤ species × year sub-interaction, which is the species for the unpredictable environmental differences have a special