目的探讨阿克苏地区维吾尔族肾积水患者的发病原因、临床特点及危险因素。方法回顾性分析1998年1月至2008年3月收治的1036例肾积水病人的临床资料。结果在1 036例肾积水病人中,汉族患者占15.93%,维吾尔族患者占82.63%,其他占1.44%,维吾尔族肾积水农村高于城市,尿石症所致肾积水比重较高,占72.66%,儿童发病有一定的趋势。结论阿克苏地区维吾尔族肾积水患者,发病原因以泌尿系结石最多,农村发病高于城市,特发性肾积水患者就诊年龄在20岁以上。 Objective To investigate the etiological factor, clinical features and risk factors of Uygur hydronephrosis in Aksu region. Methods The clinical data of 1036 patients with hydronephrosis admitted from January 1998 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 1 036 cases of hydronephrosis, the Han patients accounted for 15.93%, Uygur patients accounted for 82.63%, others accounted for 1.44%, Uygur hydronephrosis in rural areas than the city urolithiasis caused by high hydronephrosis , Accounting for 72.66%, children have a certain trend of onset. Conclusions Uygur hydronephrosis in Aksu region has the highest incidence of urolithiasis and the highest prevalence in rural areas. The age of patients with idiopathic hydronephrosis is over 20 years old.