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用直拉液膜法测量表面张力系数,由于其原理简明,故为大家所熟知和常用,但这种方法存在两个问题,其一涉及系统误差,另一涉及偶然误差。系统误差是由于略去浮力带来的,这一误差在使用显微镜载玻片拉液膜时可以高达17％。偶然误差是由于称量表面张力的仪器带来的,这一误差在用学生天平测表面张力时可以高达20％。因此,直拉液膜法测量表面张力系数的实验大有改进的必要。
The direct tension liquid film method is used to measure the surface tension coefficient. Because of its concise principle, it is well-known and commonly used. However, there are two problems with this method. One is system error, and the other is accidental error. The systematic error is due to the elimination of buoyancy. This error can be as high as 17% when using microscope slide pulls. The accidental error is due to instruments that weigh the surface tension. This error can be as high as 20% when measuring surface tension with a student balance. Therefore, the experiment of measuring the surface tension coefficient by the direct drawing liquid film method has greatly improved.